| Period | Dates |
| Paleolithic | before 14,000 BC |
| Jōmon | 14,000 – 300 BC |
| Yayoi | 300 BC – 250 AD |
| Kofun | 250–538 |
| Asuka | 538–710 |
| Nara | 710–794 |
| Heian | 794–1185 |
| Kamakura | 1185–1333 |
| Kenmu Restoration | 1333–1336 |
| Muromachi (Ashikaga) | 1336–1573 |
| Azuchi–Momoyama | 1573–1603 |
| Edo (Tokugawa) | 1603–1868 |
| Meiji | 1868–1912 |
| Taishō | 1912–1926 |
| Shōwa | 1926–1989 |
| Heisei | 1989-2019 |
| Reiwa | 2019-present |
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