There are two snakes in Japan that are known to be poisonous. The mamushi (viper) and yamakagashi (tiger keelback).
Mamushi are light brown with a 5 yen coin-like pattern, and yamakagashi are predominantly black and orange.
Mamushi have long front fangs while yamakagashi gave short back fangs. Because of their shallow bites yamakagashi were, for a long time, thought to be non-poisonous.
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